Fitness

Why you should try to burn fewer calories, not more

Burning calories is a bankrupt concept.   And paying attention to how many calories you burn is as utterly bankrupt as trying to eat healthy by counting calories.

In the CBS piece about our barefoot running event, they suggested that a benefit of barefoot running is that it burns more calories.  Not only does this miss the entire point of natural running (a healthier stride, less injury), but it is factually wrong.  Research by Dan Lieberman up at Harvard (and others) have shown that barefoot running is more efficient -- i.e., you expend less energy for a given distance.  This is because, in part, you actually use your arch to store your momentum and release it in your next stride.  So if you run properly, the end result will be to burn fewer calories, not more.  And that's a good thing.

This is true for other movements too, not just running.  For any given exercise, you should seek to expend as few calories as possible.  Don't get me wrong, you want some big workouts where you burn through a bunch of calories.  That's why I say "for any given exercise".  But for that specific workout, you should seek to accomplish it as efficiently as possible.  That means good form.  No wasted movement.

Good form allows you to do more with less.  Athletes understand this.  Good form allows you to:
  • hit a golf ball further and more accurately with the same or fewer calories
  • hit a baseball out of the park with the same or fewer calories
  • throw a football further and harder with the same or fewer calories
Or say that you're in the wild on a persistence hunt.  You don't know how long the hunt will last -- 2 miles, 5 miles, 10 miles.  If you're successful, you'll have more work ahead of you to butcher the animal and possibly carry it some distance.  If you're not successful, then you still have some work ahead of you.  Due to the uncertainty of life in the wild, you want to accomplish your objectives while conserving as much energy as possible, husbanding your resources, and being more efficient.  For a given objective, you want to burn as few calories as possible
 
So the next time you hear someone say that an activity is a great way to burn calories, alarm bells should go off.  Remember that whenever there is an external goal -- like in sports or life in the wild -- there is a desire to expend fewer calories for a given motion.
 
It's not about counting calories.  It's about moving and exercising in the right ways.  It's about eating the right kinds of foods.  It's quality, not quantity.

Eukonkanto: The Ancient Sport of Wife Carrying

A Finnish friend of mine (also paleo) recently told me about a new workout he's been doing.  He shoulders his wife using a fireman's carry, and then does squats.  No joke.  Works his strength and balance, and her abs too.  

Apparently, there is a whole sport around "wife carrying" in Scandinavia.  Seems to have begun as a joke in Finland, mimicking some past time when men ran off with women.  Here's a Village Voice article that describes wife carrying as what cave people used to do, but the much more recent Vikings were probably much better at it.  (Practice makes perfect.)  Regardless, what began as a joke now has national and international competitions.  Still small, but growing.  My buddy and his wife want to compete.

There are different types of carries: the fireman's carry, piggyback, or Estonian-style: "the wife hangs upside-down with her legs around the husband's shoulders, holding onto his waist."  See the picture.  Pretty awesome.

Check out the rules at Wikipedia.  Here are two I like:

  • The track has two dry obstacles and a water obstacle, about one meter deep.

Kind of like a mini Tough Mudder, but for couples.

  • The wife to be carried may be your own, the neighbor's, or you may have found her further afield; she must, however, be over 17 years of age.

Now really.  There should be a prize for couples that are, in fact, married.  And just like you have age/gender groups in road races, you could have anniversary tiers.  You compete against other couples that have been married for 5-10 years, 10-20 years, 20-30 years, and so on.

Because don't forget the most important thing that wife carrying strengthens: your marriage.

Workout Anywhere #24: The Hotel Rooftop

With the right mindset, you can find a good workout anywhere.

I was at a wedding in Chicago this weekend.  The hotel had a nice gym (by conventional standards), but I had forgotten to bring VFFs or sneakers.  And of course, they don't allow people to work out barefoot.  So I did some laps in the pool, then went out on a sun balcony and improvised my own CrossFit-style workout.  I used different pieces of furniture for box jumps and uneven push-ups, and then did some squats, burpees, and some ab work.  A few circuits of that hit the spot.  Plus, a stunning view of Chicago, fresh air, a nice breeze, and no rules on footwear.
 
Finished, I went back into the pool area.  A hotel employee walked past me and out on the balcony, apparently looking for whomever was jumping on furniture on the roof.  He went that-a-way, sir, and I got a good look at him: no beard, short hair, very clean cut, wearing shoes.
 
Another benefit to high intensity, short duration workouts: you're done before the authorities notice and can come tell you to stop.
Footnote: 

(Photo credits: Lily Harrington)

It's hard to sprint on a treadmill

Ever notice that it's nearly impossible to sprint at max speed on a treadmill?

This week I wrote about how refrigerator design reflects (and influences) what we eat.  Well, so too with our gyms.  The rows and rows of treadmills and ellipticals are a sign of our chronic cardio habit -- and the treadmill itself reinforces the habit by making it hard to do anything other than jog in a straight line at a moderate pace.  Spend too many years in a gym and you almost forget that sprinting is even an option.

I actually sprint on a treadmill sometimes.  Other people in the gym get nervous because nobody ever sprints on a treadmill.  There must be rules against such a thing!  They get worried that I'll wipe out.  And I do hold back just a little, just in case I don't find the Stop button on the first try.  (But only a little.)

Probably better to just go to the park and do some sprints.  Of course, I rather enjoy blasting the zombie joggers out of their treadmill stupor.

NBA players moving away from hightops

The athletic shoe is having a rough few years.  From best-selling Born to Run, Harvard professor Dan Lieberman's work on barefoot running in Nature, to the success of Vibram Five Fingers.  And now, the NBA: players are moving away from hightops that allegedly provide more ankle support.

"One of the reasons hightops are going out of vogue, players and injury experts say, is that there's some research that suggests they aren't very good at protecting your feet. NBA players missed 64% more games last season because of foot-related injuries than they did twenty years ago, according to NBA statistician Harvey Pollack."

There are multiple reasons why foot injuries could be going up:

"Players have gotten taller and heavier, the pace of the game is faster and the NBA postseason has gotten longer."

But for a piece of conventional athletic wisdom, "ankle support" has surprising little support.

"Craig Richards, a researcher at Australia's University of Newcastle, published a 2008 article in the British Journal of Sports Medicine that catalogued academic studies in athletics and found no evidence that sneakers limited injuries. His research actually found that hightop basketball sneakers make players run slower and jump lower."

 

(Thanks to Cheryl for the pointer.)

Ultra-marathoner Scott Jurek pushing veganism

Ultra-marathoner and vegan Scott Jurek was recently profiled in the NYT.   For those who aren't familiar with Jurek, he's a crazy sick ultra-marathoner who dominates many of these 50 mile, 100 mile, 100+ mile races.  The piece is unique in that it ignores the ethical aspects of veganism and just talks about athletic performance.  Let's see what they have to say.

In college, his diet began to improve, and as he “saw how much disease is lifestyle related,” he began eating “real food, eating the way people have been eating for thousands of years.”

I'm all for real food, but claims to history in favor of real food is not an argument in favor of veganism.

“None of this is weird,” he said. “If you go back 300 or 400 years, meat was reserved for special occasions, and those people were working hard. 

Go back 300 or 400 years?  The 18th century is the benchmark of healthy eating?  To the extent people ate less meat back then it was because they were poor.

"Remember, almost every long-distance runner turns into a vegan while they’re racing, anyway — you can’t digest fat or protein very well.”

There are so many things wrong with that sentence I don't know where to start.

  • You can get fat or protein from plant sources, so that's just a non-sequitur.
  • Just because you're eating carbohydrates while you're running doesn't mean that you're a vegan.   It means you're momentarily a vegetarian, I suppose.
  • And even that assumes that you body isn't using it's own fat or protein stores.  That's kind of like eating an animal.
  • Also, most of these distance racers are eating heavily processed energy gels and bars -- not "real food", much less vegan food.

All it takes is one look at a long-distance runner's body to see that they have little muscle mass and they're all skin and bones.  Hence my choice of picture.

He said he needed 5,000 to 8,000 calories a day, “and I get that all from plant sources. It’s not hard, either. I like to eat, and I don’t have to worry about weight management. All I need is a high-carbohydrate diet with enough protein and fat.”

My emphasis.  If you're eating 8,000 calories a day, good luck getting it from fat and protein -- you'll be too full.  Interesting...to maximize caloric intake, eat a high-carbohydrate diet.  Wait, isn't that what we're told to do to minimize caloric intake too?  Which is it?

I'm not saying that Scott Jurek is eating the wrong way -- God, no.  He's a super-star athlete, his achievements are mind-blowing, and if he says a vegan diet helps him achieve that, then I'm not going to suggest otherwise.  By eating a high carbohydrate diet, he's training his body to use carbohydrate as fuel, which is probably essential for his type of long-distance exertions.

But should we eat like Michael Phelps, with his 12,000 calories a day of chocolate-chip pancakes, energy drinks, and pizza?  No.  And we shouldn't eat like Scott Jurek either.

   

Tough Mudder not...tough enough

I received the following email from the Tough Mudder team yesterday.  The main feedback?  Make it tougher, longer (it wasn't a full 7 miles), and create more and longer obstacles.  Full email below.  (Apparently TM and I use the same shade of grey.)  You can see my prior comments on the race and actions shots

I'd like to know what percentage of runners finish a marathon?  What about triathlons?  Not the elite races, just the ones for the general population.

The bottom line: If they want the race to be tough, some people are not going to be able to finish.
 

 

Tough Mudder Action Shots with Commentary

#1:  This was a fun wooden hurdle near the end of the race.  Most racers were physically capable of vaulting the hurdle going at a decent clip, but many didn't.  They pretty much came to a stop and climbed over.  Why?  Because they never actually move this way at the gym, and so lacked the confidence to pull off an easy maneuver over a relatively low barrier.  This was Day One basics at one of Erwan Le Corre's MovNat clinics -- remembering that you have a body and that it moves in ways other than jogging, push-ups, pull-ups, and sit-ups.

#2:  Notice my bare feet with Vibrams in hand.  Focused on my landing.

 

#3:  Off to the races.  But notice anything funny?  Look closely.

The guy in black is only just landing!   He was ahead of me before the obstacle.  If you look at the first picture I'm only slightly ahead of him, but by the last picture, he hasn't even landed yet.   And he looks totally off balance and unsure of himself.  He looks trim and fairly muscular, but he's thrown off by an obstacle he's never encountered in the gym.

I work out at a gym too.  There is a railing that separates the stretching mats from the machines, and I sometimes use it to vault over.  Back and forth, back and forth.  You can find ways to move even in a gym. You'll get looks, but hey, that's half the fun.

(Thanks to Lisa for the screen grabs from her filming.)

Tough Love at the Tough Mudder

Today eight of us completed the first Tough Mudder.  Tons of fun.  It was a 7-mile race on the side of ski slope, interspersed with various challenges, like wading waist-deep through mud, army crawls under wire, and climbing over some walls.  I can see how this type of fitness events will continue to spread. A few observations.

 

VFFs / Barefoot running

- Lots of VFFs (Vibram Five Fingers), including 7 of 8 on our team.

- I ditched my VFFs for 3 miles of the race. Had to slow down a bit to avoid rocks, but my concentration level went up.  I felt less likely to twist an ankle.  You see guys with these big plodding shoes -- they aren't forced to focus on where they're stepping, and then when they land wrong, boom, they turn their ankle.  The foot can't adapt dynamically because it's locked up in the shoe.

- Your shoes get soaking wet at various points in the race, and your feet dry more quickly barefoot (and you're less likely to get a blister).

- That said, there were parts of the race where a normal running shoe would have been superior, due to the difficult terrain.  The most difficult parts for VFFs were man-made large-size gravel roads.

Functional Fitness

- You can't be a specialist.  The steep uphills kill the road runners and the treadmill aficionados.  People who had no upper body strength or co-ordination couldn't get over the walls.  One of our team members is not a good swimmer, so the water obstacles were a major challenge to him (but he kicked ass).

- If anything, Tough Mudder could make the obstacles longer and harder.  The hardest parts were the uphill climbs at the beginning, which wiped you out for the rest.

- There was refreshing emphasis on teamwork and camaraderie.  I could eventually see these events timed as a team, and including challenges that require all teammates to be present to complete.

Food

- Way too much carb-age.  Everybody was scarfing down bagels and beer right after finishing.

- I just don't believe that optimal endurance performance necessitates carbo-loading or heavy and consistent carb intake during the race.  If that's what your body is accustomed to, then yes, you better do it.  But from an evolutionary perspective, that's a dangerous dependency, and in tough times, humans who could perform optimally (i.e., survive) would live to bring home the bacon.

- See De Vany on "Lard as a performance fuel" (gated). 

Entrepreneurship

- The NYT had a great write-up on how Tough Mudder got started, and how they attracted over 4,500(!) participants for their first race.  The business plan was a semi-finalist in a Harvard Business School competition -- penalized since the judges thought they wouldn't be able to attract 500 participants.  Well, they were only off by an order of magnitude.

- Congratulations to Will Dean, Guy Livingstone, and the whole team at Tough Mudder for building a business that will benefit others by making fitness more functional and more fun.  (Not to mention the $150k+ that they raised for the Wounded Warrior Project.)

Hats off, guys.

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